To deflect future world food crises created by climate change and growing consumer demand, a Cornell-led international team of economists, scientists and business experts has created a road map for global agricultural and food systems innovation, reform and sustainability.
The group’s report – “,” funded by the – was published Dec. 10 on the website, in collaboration with its sibling journal, .
“By any measure, our world’s food systems are phenomenally productive, responsive and adaptable, as we can now feed almost 5 billion in a healthy way,” said , the Stephen B. and Janice G. Ashley Professor in Cornell’s Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, who leads the project.
“But that means nearly 3 billion cannot afford a healthy diet. And with inevitable population growth, income growth and the climate change that’s already baked into the food system, our current agricultural gains and methods are not sustainable,” said Barrett, also a faculty member in the in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS) and in the (College of Arts and Sciences). “Globally, we can’t continue on this path without destroying the planet and imperiling billions of people.”
In December 2019, more than 20 business, government, nonprofit and scientific experts from around the world convened to kick off the expert panel at in New York City to assess research linking agri-food systems, technological and institutional innovations, and society’s future needs.
The group has outlined seven major recommendations in a 170-plus-page report in order to make the world’s agri-food systems healthy, equitable, resilient and sustainable. Its main recommendation involves combining social and technological innovations.
“There’s really no technology that’s a silver bullet,” said Barrett, a Cornell Atkinson fellow. “During the Green Revolution, for example, breeders improved the seeds, but to scale those advances, governments had to improve roads to get to farmers, and offer extension services to educate farmers on how to use the new seeds. That’s bundling. All of these pieces were essential, complementary elements.”
The second major suggestion calls for reducing the land and water footprint for producing food. Society cannot effectively tackle the climate and biodiversity loss crises – and, for example, reduce the risk of virus-driven pandemics – without easing agricultural demands on the land and oceans.
Rebecca Nelson co-chaired the report on global agricultural and food systems innovation, reform and sustainability. She reimagines mining everyday waste and turning it into useful resources.
“We’ve hit this tipping point where we’re starting to see the downside of [ramping up food production with fossil fuels], particularly with climate change and also with the depletion of soil and water resources and other key food production resources,” said co-chair , professor in the and Global Development (CALS). “We’re also seeing that we’re polluting the environment to a really dangerous level and we’re seeing which systems are unfair, and we’re all not feeling that global warming crisis equally.
“It’s hitting some people much harder than others,” said Nelson, a Cornell Atkinson fellow.
Further, Nelson is intrigued with a circular economy, which reimagines mining everyday waste and turning it into useful resources.
“It is the worst of times,” Nelson said. “But it’s also the best of times, in the sense that we have powerful tricks up our collective sleeves that we could use to make things better – if we can muster the will to implement them.”
Nations, firms and civil society organizations also must hold each other accountable, the report noted.
“We must ensure that there is no forced labor in the value chain that brings food to your dinner table,” Barrett said. “We need stronger enforcement of international treaties that forbid human trafficking and slavery. We need to certify that companies contracting with farms and local traders can monitor working conditions.
“We must make sure that the commodities are not being produced on the backs of people who are not paid fairly for their labor,” he said.
Further, the report suggested implementing systemic risk management policies; developing novel financing mechanisms to transform agri-food systems; and reconfiguring public support for changes in agri-food systems.
“Financing is crucial,” said Barrett. “Innovation is expensive. It requires upfront research and development, and reengineering systems requires investments. The world is awash in capital right now, interest rates are at historic lows and companies with cash struggle to find good investment opportunities that promise to deliver more than just a modest financial payout.
“But we must get the structure of these new financial instruments right,” he said. “And there are some promising, novel financing mechanisms emerging.”
In addition to Barrett and Nelson, panel co-chairs are Tim Benton, professor at the University of Leeds and research director at the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House; Jessica Fanzo, the Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Food Policy and Ethics at Johns Hopkins University; and Mario Herrero, chief research scientist of agriculture and food at Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.
Among the co-authors of the report, and companion papers in Nature Sustainability and The Lancet Planetary Health, are: Ed Buckler, adjunct professor, School of Integrative Plant Science (CALS) and a Cornell Atkinson fellow; Elizabeth Bageant, applied research and outreach manager, Dyson School; Cynthia Mathys, senior manager, Cornell Atkinson; Veronica Mazariegos-Anastassiou, M.S. ’20, now a co-owner-operator of Brisa de Año Ranch, Pescadero, California; Kamakhya Misra ’20; Andrew Mude, Ph.D. ’06, manager of agriculture research, production and sustainability at the African Development Bank; Roy Steiner, M.S. ’88, Ph.D. ’91, senior vice president for the Food Initiative at the Rockefeller Foundation; and undergraduate research assistants Isabella Culotta ’22, Jiali Liu ’21 and Claire Song ’21.
