The step change in corporate climate action in the past few years has been extraordinary. Yet we are more than halfway through the critical period between the 2015 Paris Agreement and 2030, and emissions are still rising. Clearly, the world needs to scale up.
For our research report on , launched at Climate Week NYC, we spoke to climate and sustainability practitioners from some of the world’s largest corporations on their experiences in making this shift. They recognize that what needs to come next will be qualitatively different from what we have seen so far. In a survey of 200 climate practitioners, half see decarbonization as being a serious challenge – either an “existential threat” or “highly concerning” – by 2030, while a third already see it that way.
They are also clear about what is needed, what they can do and where they depend on others. Here are four lessons we learned:
1. You can’t act at scale against your interests. Leaders at scaling up are creating the conditions for corporate and climate interests to align
Doing something because it is the “right thing” is a recipe for incrementalism. Trying to act at scale on that basis creates justifiable resistance, because the pressure to perform commercially is too strong. This resistance fades when a company’s corporate interests and climate interests coincide.
The strongest examples are in B2B businesses that are finding profitable ways to act as decarbonization service providers for their corporate customers. Interests might align for Ball Corporation, for example, if investment in building a circular economy in aluminum displaces the use of competing, less recyclable materials in beverage packaging. Interests might align for Maersk if consumer brands concerned about their own carbon footprints pay a premium for shipping powered by biofuels rather than fossil fuels.
2. You can’t achieve climate action at scale just by reducing. But you can by building
Emission reductions are critical, but reducing to zero means doing something differently, not just emitting less. Scale leaders embrace the creative destruction that typically drives transformation and innovation. It’s about renewal: of the business, the industrial sector it operates in and the broader economy. At the core, it’s about new value propositions that companies have developed. These include offerings that grow the share, whether or not at a price premium, of low-carbon solutions at the expense of higher-carbon alternatives, and propositions that save money through operational efficiencies, usually in energy but also in people and materials.
Sodexo, for example, is reducing its Scope 3 emissions by rebalancing the food it serves in clients’ offices, schools and other institutions. It is introducing “low carbon meals”: not plant-based or vegetarian diets, but a shift in the balance of what is on the plate toward less meat and more vegetables. The initiative takes a big investment in the reskilling of its cooks, but it pays for itself in the competitive proposition for corporate clients, and in the shift from animal to vegetable protein, in addition to the decarbonization benefit.
3. Leaders in climate action at scale are adopting new business designs, using new mindsets to earn new rewards
As one practitioner put it: “What we can do a traditional business case for, we’ve done.” To go beyond, leading organizations are open to new ways of thinking – about risk and uncertainty, about what makes a business case and about the capabilities that will matter in the future. We identified a wide range of arguments used to support investments at scale that would not convincingly generate a competitive financial return relative to the baseline of today’s business.
Businesses that are moving ahead are instead using arguments based on:
- Competitive differentiation: Positioning to meet new demand from business customers.
- Protecting revenue: Investments to preserve the company’s licence to operate as stakeholder expectations change.
- Enabling revenue: Investments without which some of the value-creating visions described earlier would not be viable.
- First mover advantage: Investments to learn, demonstrate and lead.
- Anticipating or influencing regulation: Take action to remain competitive in the face of future regulation or carbon pricing.
- Delegating investments: Impose decarbonization requirements on the supply chain.
- Avoiding stranded assets. Move forward to avoid being left behind.
- Filling the return gap. Structure or fund an investment that gets an innovative solution to a tipping point, making a non-commercial solution commercially viable.
4. Climate action at scale depends on investors, policy-makers and other players for solutions as well as profitability. Companies can’t do it by themselves, but they can show the way
In the absence of much pull from the end consumer – which nobody is expecting – these corporate initiatives are built on two insecure foundations: continuing investor commitment and evolving public policy. “Creating the conditions”, as we described in the first point, may mean bringing about whole ecosystems, regulatory environments and financing, not just new customer value propositions.
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