I cringed recently while driving to the clinic where I specialize in geriatric medicine when I heard a young radio announcer refer to old people as “wiggy,” a pejorative for wacky.
Author
Donald Jurivich
Chair of Geriatrics, University of North Dakota
As a doctor who has for over 30 years, this to me is the sound of ageism unleashed.
The quip immediately underscored how easily society regards age as the sole measure of how well a person functions, rather than the person’s ability to .
Aging and mental acuity
The tension between age and function certainly have played out on a world stage in the . Prior to President in July 2024, a writer for a national magazine asked my expert opinion as to whether either or both presidential candidates exhibited signs of dementia.
My answer was that I could not make that kind of determination in the absence of , some and a . This evaluation measures the patient’s physical and mental health and assesses their ability to perform daily tasks and live independently.
The reporter then asked whether older people can be more susceptible to the effects of fatigue, stress and other psychological pressures that might be .
My answer was yes, and I cited examples of how an aging brain under duress may lose a train of thought or engage in excessively long pauses or disconnected topics.
What’s more, our organs’ ability to self-regulate and maintain stability, known as , . In other words, our body does not bounce back from stressful situations as well as when we were young. For example, an older person to than a middle-aged person.
The conundrum of the aging brain
While each organ ages at different rates, gerontologists can now estimate more accurately how a person’s biological age may . Biological age represents the . The depending somewhat on genetics but mostly on lifestyle and environmental factors.
The results are often surprising. One 2021 study suggests nearly half of the 38-year-old participants were up to five years older in biological age , while the other half were as many as five years younger.
But generally, in the absence of neurodegenerative disease, . Research shows ; the good changes include adaptations such as – such as using notes to augment memory.
Among the less desirable changes may be – in other words, as we age, it may take longer to complete a task. Some older adults and miss some points in conversation, especially in a crowded environment.
But even most of those changes are subtle and really do not limit learning and executive function – that is, the ability to set and achieve goals, solve problems, regulate emotions and function normally overall.
Still, researchers are beginning ” between normal brain aging and late-life diseases of the brain. For example, periodic memory lapses may be recognized as mild cognitive impairment, which can represent a fork in the road, with half of these situations progressing to dementia and the . Through adequate blood pressure control, regular exercise and cognitive engagement, many people show improvement.
Cognitive frailty
Physical frailty is characterized primarily by slowness, weakness and fatigue. But ” relates to increased sensitivity to stressors and less ability to bounce back from physical or mental stress.
Although cognitive frailty is not dementia, it is a potential precursor to dementia – when patients exhibit .
This is an area that many clinicians, even those working in the field every day, do not fully understand. Many of them don’t dig deeply enough into those subtle changes expressed by older patients. Indeed, one study found that rural primary care doctors .
Primary care is lacking in . Furthermore, Medicare does not yet have a diagnostic code for cognitive frailty. That is why advocates for optimizing health care in older adults are promoting the routine use of for everyone 65 and older: medication, mentation, mobility and what matters. Mentation refers to the mind, while what matters has to do with what matters most to older adults.
This includes at least one annual screening for dementia and regular screening .
Things you can do
Perhaps the most important question: What can all of us from the negative effects of aging and disease as we get older?
Physical activity, cognitive stimulation and good blood pressure control are the key interventions for .
Research suggests that low-meat Mediterranean diets or Asian Indian diets, , are . One emerging geriatrics concept is that slowing or reversing aging may circumvent . Current methods to slow aging include exercise and caloric restriction, or fasting. Yet others are looking toward .
While old age itself should not be a factor for limiting people’s service to others, former presidents and senators have and .
The national discussion around President Biden and former president and presidential nominee Donald Trump’s mental acuity may be a catalyst to promote a larger conversation about aging, cognitive dysfunction and dementia, as well as what each of us can do to reduce our likelihood of developing cognitive problems late in life.
