The World Health Organisation’s seventh report on the global tobacco epidemic shows that while many governments around the world are making progress with helping their citizens quit smoking, there are still too many countries with few or inadequate anti-tobacco measures in place.
About five billion people today live in countries that have introduced smoking bans, graphic warnings on packaging and other effective tobacco control measures, which is four times more people than a decade ago, the report says. But some countries are still not implementing lifesaving policies to help people quit tobacco.
The recently-released WHO Report analyses national efforts to implement the most effective measures from the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) that are proven to reduce demand for tobacco.
These measures, like the “MPOWER” interventions, have been shown to save lives and reduce costs from averted healthcare expenditure. The MPOWER report was launched in 2007 to promote government action on six tobacco control strategies in-line with the WHO FCTC to:
- Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies.
- Protect people from tobacco smoke.
- Offer help to quit tobacco use.
- Warn people about the dangers of tobacco.
- Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.
- Raise taxes on tobacco.
The focus of the latest report is on the progress countries have made to help tobacco users quit. It was launched in Brazil, a country that has become the second, after Turkey, to fully implement all the MPOWER measures at the highest level of achievement.
WHO Director-General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said governments should implement cessation services as part of efforts to ensure universal health coverage for their citizens.
“Quitting tobacco is one of the best things any person can do for their own health,” Dr Tedros said.
“The MPOWER package gives governments the practical tools to help people kick the habit, adding years to their life and life to their years.”
Progress is being made, with 2.4 billion people living in countries now providing comprehensive cessation services (2 billion more than in 2007). But only 23 countries are providing cessation services at the best-practice level, making it the most under-implemented MPOWER measure in terms of number of countries offering full coverage.
Tobacco cessation services include national toll-free quit lines, services to reach larger populations via mobile phones, counselling by primary health care providers and cost-covered nicotine replacement therapy.
Michael R. Bloomberg, WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries and founder of Bloomberg Philanthropies, said the report shows government-led efforts to help people quit tobacco work when properly implemented.
“More countries are making tobacco control a priority and saving lives, but there’s still much more work to be done,” Mr Bloomberg said.
“The WHO’s new report shines a spotlight on global efforts to help people quit using tobacco and it details some of our most important gains.”
The report, funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, showed that while only 23 countries have implemented cessation support policies at the highest level, 116 more provide fully or partially cost-covered services in some or most health facilities, and another 32 offer services but do not cost-cover them, demonstrating a high level of public demand for support to quit.
Tobacco use has also declined proportionately in most countries, but population growth means the total number of people using tobacco has remained stubbornly high. Currently, there are an estimated 1.1 billion smokers, with about 80 per cent of them live in low- and middle-income countries.
The last report was issued in 2017. Since then, 36 countries have introduced one or more MPOWER measures at the highest level of achievement.
In Andorra, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Mauritius, Montenegro, New Zealand, North Macedonia and Thailand, taxes have been to comprise at least 75 per cent of tobacco retail prices.
