If you were prone to breaking bones as a child, research out of the University of Otago should come as a warning – that painful tendency may well will carry on into adulthood.
Using data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development – a longitudinal study that has followed the heath and behaviour of more than 1000 people born between 1972 and 1973 – the research set out to establish if repeated childhood fractures related to future risk of fracture and bone density in adulthood.
Lead author Dr Kim Meredith-Jones says the study confirmed that children who experience more than one fracture in childhood are at increased risk of breaking a bone, or multiple bones, in adulthood – in fact twice as many girls and boys who repeatedly fractured in childhood sustained multiple fractures as adults.
“A quarter of boys and 15 per cent of girls will suffer multiple (two or more) fractures and our results suggests that persistent skeletal fragility can track into early middle age,” she says.
“Both boys and girls who were fracture-free in childhood, tended to stay fracture-free in adulthood.”
While many other studies have sought to determine whether children who sustain a single fracture during childhood have skeletal fragility that persists into adulthood, this is the first study to demonstrate an increased risk of adult fracture in both males and females who repeatedly fracture in childhood.
Exactly why this is the case is not clear. The study, which looked at the lifelong data of 555 45-year-olds, also showed the persistent risk is not associated with other behavioural factors that can explain the risk of fracture, such as risky behaviour, demographics, obesity, childhood abuse or sports participation.
Furthermore, among females, childhood fractures were related to lower area bone mineral density at the hip, but that difference was not present among males.
“There was also a lower childhood fracture rate in females (42 per cent) than in males (54 per cent), which suggests that the determinants of fractures might differ between sexes,” Dr Meredith-Jones says.
The results should be used to help inform those most at risk, she says.
“Now that we know this, we can inform parents of children who repeatedly fracture in childhood of various ways to prevent persistent skeletal fragility with age.
“Behavioural changes such as increased weight bearing activity, optimal intake of calcium and vitamin D, and increased protein and dairy intake are all beneficial interventions that can be initiated early and maintained throughout the lifespan.”
Publication:
Meredith-Jones Kim, Haszard Jillian, Taylor Rachael, Waters Debra, Hogan Sean, Ramrakha Sandhya and Poulton Richie – University of Otago
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-022-06500-0
