La Trobe University researchers have developed a new evidence-based method for determining whether jockeys can return to the saddle following concussion.
Lead researcher, Associate Professor Brad Wright, said the study into concussion in jockeys has found that a new virtual reality tool and measuring blood biomarkers can help inform when jockeys are fit to ride again.
“Given the high incidence of concussion in the sports industry, improving tools to assist diagnosis and management of sports related concussion is critically important,” Associate Professor Wright said.
In a paper recently published in the , Associate Professor Wright from La Trobe University and Dr Stuart McDonald from Monash University show how combining computerised testing with biomarkers in blood provides a more sensitive measure for concussion diagnosis and management.
The study involved 64 professional flat-track jockeys, 15 of whom have experienced sports related concussion. Each jockey undertook symptom evaluation, cognitive testing using computerised neurocognitive testing, and provided blood that was scanned for biomarkers indicative of brain injury.
Measurements were performed before injury, and then at two days, seven days, one month and 12 months after the concussion had occurred.
The study, funded by the AgriFutures Thoroughbred Horses Program, Racing Victoria, and La Trobe University showed that symptoms and cognition were generally back to normal two to seven days after concussion.
However, when measuring blood biomarkers, the concussed group showed that neurofilament light – an indicator of brain injury – remained elevated beyond the resolution of symptoms and the return to baseline in cognitive testing.
“It was the combination of these two tests – cognitive and blood biomarkers – that provided the most accurate reflection of the fitness of a jockey to return to the saddle,” Associate Professor Wright said.
In other research led by Associate Professor Wright and Professor Ben Horan from Deakin University, the speed of eye movements when using VR technology has shown to be another way to assess concussion.
The concussion assessment tool, called CONVIRT, uses eye tracking technology to assess visual processing speed, attention and decision-making within a virtual reality environment. The research used the VR tech to simulate riding in a horserace and found that CONVIRT could detect deficits in visual processing that would not normally be registered by the athlete.
Associate Professor Wright suggested that slower eye speeds may explain why persons who have suffered a concussion are between two and 10 times more likely to have a second concussion.
“They may return to play before they are at full capacity to detect and react quickly to dangers in their environment,” Associate Professor Wright said.
The La Trobe University team, from the School of Psychology, have adapted CONVIRT for testing AFL players and are processing research data from several VFL clubs and will be adapting the technology for other sports where concussion is a concern.
