The ACT is changing how it . Instead of being based on a car’s weight, the fee the owner pays will be based on the greenhouse gas it produces.
Author
Hussein Dia
Professor of Future Urban Mobility, Swinburne University of Technology
Up to now, owners of cleaner but typically heavier electric vehicles have paid more for registration than those of high-polluting but lighter vehicles powered by petrol or diesel engines. Emissions-based fees will reverse that situation.
The ACT was already offering two years of up to mid-2024. Under the new policy, from May 25 this year, owners of new and used electric vehicles will pay a discounted fee once their two years of free registration is over. The remaining car fleet will transition to the new system on July 1 2024.
An emissions-based registration fee is a sensible policy worth adopting Australia-wide. It’s already in place in many other nations that have much higher uptakes of electric vehicles.
Why is this policy change important?
Transport is Australia’s – and fastest-growing – source of greenhouse gas emissions. Cars produce about half of these transport emissions.
Most of Australia’s vehicles use polluting fossil fuels. A switch to electric vehicles, coupled with a transition to renewable energy, is vital for Australia to meet its to tackle climate change.
One of the quickest ways to reduce transport emissions is to the current slow uptake of electric vehicles. In 2022, Australian sales totalled . There are now about light electric vehicles on our roads.
Although sales almost doubled between 2021 and 2022, they represented only in 2022. That’s well below the . And it’s way behind world leader Norway where of cars being sold now are electric.
In China, about 5.67 million electric cars, or a of all new cars, were bought in 2022. By the end of the year, being sold were battery-powered or plug-in hybrids. , more than 265,000 electrical vehicles were registered in 2022, a 40% increase on 2021.
The for electric vehicles remain strong. Total sales of 8.6 million vehicles are expected in 2023. That’s expected to rise to almost 12 million by 2025.
Australia will pass the milestone of 100,000 electric vehicles on the road this year. But that’s well short of the target of set by an industry alliance headed by the , and the Albanese government’s target of . Best practice policies will help to accelerate the transition.
The importance of the new policy is that it will help to reduce costs for buyers. Cost is one of the main barriers to buying an electric vehicle in Australia. In 2022, of electric vehicles sold for less than A$65,000. While some Australians are willing to pay the hefty price tag, it remains an obstacle for others.
Government interventions play a big role in reducing purchase costs and annual fees. Higher taxes on polluting vehicles are also likely to impact so more drivers make the switch.
What is best practice in emissions-based vehicle policies?
Policies that reduce registration fees and provide tax benefits to electric vehicle owners have been widely implemented overseas during the past few decades.
Norway first introduced registration fee in 1990. This, along with a range of other measures and incentives, helped to to 50% of the market in 2020, and 79% by 2022. No other nation comes close.
In the European Union, 21 of 27 member countries levied car taxes partially or totally based on in 2022.
The EU-wide provide a range of financial benefits to owners of electric vehicles. They apply to both vehicle acquisition (value-added tax, sales tax, registration tax) and vehicle ownership (annual circulation tax, road tax).
How much difference can these policies make?
A number of studies of the effectiveness of CO₂-based car taxation policies have found evidence they contribute to lowering transport emissions.
For example, Ireland first introduced an emissions-based car taxation policy in 2008. An of its impacts found it produced a cumulative CO₂ saving of 1.6 million tonnes from 2008 to 2018.
In 2018, Irish-licensed vehicles travelled a total of kilometres. The study found average carbon intensity of the car fleet had reduced from 189gCO₂/km in 2007 to 164gCO₂/km in 2018. It would have been 168gCO₂/km without the tax intervention, according to the analysis.
A similar that evaluated Norway’s CO₂-based taxes found them to be powerful policies applied aggressively at levels ten times the quota prices. The analysis found these policies also delivered other improvements, with the largest impacts being reductions in air pollution.
What else needs to be done in Australia?
A measure such as introducing an emissions-based registration system is a step in the right direction. But to be effective it needs to be part of a holistic national effort to accelerate adoption of electric vehicles.
In 2023, Australia needs to speed up efforts on two major initiatives that were introduced in 2022.
The federal government began consultations on Australia’s first last September. More than 500 were received, representing the views of over 2,150 Australian individuals and organisations.
Commitments were also made to develop an ambitious set of mandatory to help increase the supply of electric vehicle models.
Both initiatives are key policy pillars of an effective strategy to reduce transport emissions.
Building on this momentum and urgently implementing bold policies will demonstrate Australia’s commitment to embrace the transition to electric vehicles and accelerate emission reductions.
Hussein Dia receives funding from the Australian Research Council, the iMOVE Cooperative Research Centre, Transport for New South Wales, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts, and Beam Mobility Holdings.
